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basic

project​

> zig init-exe
  • build.zig
  • src
    • main.zig
# .gitignore
zig-cache
zig-out

vscode​

tasks.json(build)​

{
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
        {
            "label": "build",
            "type": "shell",
            "command": "zig build",
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$gcc" // <= gcc これ
            ]
        }
    ]
}

launch.json​

{
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "run",
            "type": "cppvsdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/zig-out/bin/hello.exe",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "console": "integratedTerminal"
        }
    ]
}

settings.json​

    "zigLanguageClient.path": "C:/zig/zls.exe",
    "[zig]": {
        "editor.defaultFormatter": "AugusteRame.zls-vscode" // こっちの方が Windows でパスの問題が出ない
    },
    "zig.buildOnSave": true,

zig​

main.zig​

const std = @import("std"); // pkg名か zig ファイル名を指定する。

pub fn main() anyerror!void {
    std.log.info("All your codebase are belong to us.", .{}); // .{} は型推論で型名を省略する意味
}

test "basic test" {
    try std.testing.expectEqual(10, 3 + 7);
}

@import​

builtin function に @ がついている。

.{}

. で型名の省略。 {} でデフォルト値による初期化。struct はデフォルト値を定義できる。

    std.log.info("All your codebase are belong to us.", .{});

関数定義​

https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Functions

fn NAME(params) RETURN_TYPE
{

}

ErrorUnionType​

https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Error-Union-Type

pub fn parseU64(buf: []const u8, radix: u8) !u64 {
}
// エラーか非エラー
pub fn main() anyerror|void {
}

Null​

https://ziglang.org/documentation/master/#Optionals

pointer​

T - single-item pointer to exactly one item. Supports deref syntax: ptr. [*]T - many-item pointer to unknown number of items. Supports index syntax: ptr[i] Supports slice syntax: ptr[start..end] Supports pointer arithmetic: ptr + x, ptr - x T must have a known size, which means that it cannot be anyopaque or any other opaque type. *[N]T - pointer to N items, same as single-item pointer to an array. Supports index syntax: array_ptr[i] Supports slice syntax: array_ptr[start..end] Supports len property: array_ptr.len []T - pointer to runtime-known number of items. Supports index syntax: slice[i] Supports slice syntax: slice[start..end] Supports len property: slice.len

var some: i32 = 1;
var p_some: *i32 = &some;
const p_some_const: *const i32 = &some;

array​

コンパイル時に要素数が決まっている。_ で推論できる。

// modifiable array
var some_integers: [100]i32 = undefined;

// array literal
const message = [_]u8{ 'h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o' };

// anonymous list literal
var array: [4]u8 = .{11, 22, 33, 44};

sentinel

test "null terminated array" {
    const array = [_:0]u8 {1, 2, 3, 4};

    try expect(@TypeOf(array) == [4:0]u8);
    try expect(array.len == 4);
    try expect(array[4] == 0);
}

slice​

sentinel​

litrral/alloc/変換​